INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH
IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY

It has become clear that antimicrobial resistance is a major problem when it comes to treating bacterial illnesses. The spread of bacteria that are immune to multiple drugs has made some commonly used antibiotics less effective. The study also aimed to provide information that could help with the selection of appropriate clinical treatment, the creation of hospital antibiograms, and the launch of antibiotic management programs. A descriptive cross-sectional laboratory-based research design was adopted. A total of 500 non-duplicate clinically significant bacterial isolates obtained from specimens such as urine, blood, pus, sputum, wound swabs, body fluids, and other clinical materials were included. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out using standard culture, Gram staining, and biochemical procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar, with interpretation according to standard susceptibility criteria. Important resistance phenotypes, including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE), were also evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used for data interpretation.