INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH
IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis involves complex interactions among intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, gut microbiome alterations, oxidative stress, and environmental factors. Although conventional pharmacological treatments can reduce inflammation and maintain remission, systemic drug exposure, incomplete therapeutic response, adverse effects, and inadequate localization of therapeutic agents remain important challenges. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery provides an opportunity to improve the spatial and temporal control of drug administration. The present research focuses on the development of a dual-responsive nanocarrier designed to respond to microbiome-associated conditions and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) characteristic of intestinal inflammation. The proposed system was designed to protect the therapeutic payload during gastrointestinal transit while facilitating stimulus-dependent release under disease-relevant conditions. The formulation was evaluated through physicochemical characterization, drug encapsulation, simulated gastrointestinal stability, microbiome/enzyme-responsive release, ROS-responsive release, dual-stimulus release, mucoadhesion, cellular uptake, cytocompatibility, and in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. Particular emphasis was placed on establishing the relationship between nanocarrier characteristics and biological responsiveness. The dual-stimulus strategy provides a disease-informed approach in which microbial and oxidative characteristics of the intestinal environment can potentially function as endogenous triggers for drug release. The study provides a preclinical framework for developing responsive nanocarriers for localized IBD drug delivery and highlights the potential of integrating microbiome and redox biology with nanomedicine.