INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH
IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been represented as the next rising star in the field of photovoltaics due to their high efficiency that can be fabricated at very low cost and has a superior photophysical property. Recent improvements have raised PSC efficiency to the point where they can effectively compete with traditional silicon-based cells making them a viable option for modern solar energy systems. This literature review, therefore, synthesizes the recent studies that have delved deeper into the efficiency improvements, stability enhancements, and architectural innovations taking place within the domain of the PSCs. The development of efficiency in power conversion has made much progress through multi-cation perovskites, interface engineering, and tandem cell configurations, as demonstrated by the works of Yao et al., T. Chen et al., and many others. However, their stabilities under environmental conditions are still challenging. Some studies even point to an advancement in the research of encapsulation techniques or suggest materials with an effort to reach more stable compositions, such as Zhu et al. and Kung et al. Architectural innovations, for example, the one shown by Rahmany and Etgar, which demonstrate the flexibility of PSCs to a large degree in different applications, include building-integrated photovoltaics and semi-transparent solar cells. The review is concluded with a discussion on the importance of continued research, multidisciplinary approaches to the existing challenges, and the realization of full potential by PSCs. As perovskite technology advances, it seems to promise a very noticeable influence in the solar power industry with more efficient, stable, and flexible solutions to solar energy.