INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH
IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY

This study investigates the levels of heavy metal contamination in the River Yamuna and assesses the bioaccumulation of these metals in selected fish species. The primary objective is to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) in water and fish tissues from different segments of the river, and to evaluate the potential health risks associated with consuming contaminated fish. Advanced analytical techniques such as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed for the analysis. The findings reveal significant levels of heavy metals, particularly in the liver tissues of fish, indicating high bioaccumulation. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) calculations indicate potential health risks, especially from arsenic and mercury. The study underscores the urgent need for stringent regulatory measures to control pollution, improve wastewater treatment, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Public awareness campaigns are also recommended to educate communities about the risks of consuming contaminated fish and to encourage safer dietary practices.