INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH
IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Floods are recurring and devastating natural hazards in Northern India, where climatic variations, rapid urbanisation, and environmental degradation exacerbate risks and impacts. Traditionally, flood risk assessments have relied on historical datasets; however, recent trends indicate that climate change is altering flood dynamics by intensifying rainfall patterns, accelerating glacier melt, and shifting flood-prone zones. This study integrates climate change projections into flood risk mapping using high-resolution remote sensing data, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop a comprehensive risk assessment framework for the 2022 flood events. Using Sentinel-2 optical imagery, Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, and CartoDEM, flood extents were delineated and combined with downscaled climate model scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) to forecast future flood scenarios. Socio-economic vulnerability indicators based on Census data and field surveys were integrated via a weighted overlay analysis to identify high-risk zones. Validation through ground control points (GCPs) and comparison with government reports yielded an overall accuracy of 87.4%. The findings indicate an increase in both the extent and frequency of flooding, with a significant shift of flood-prone areas toward peri-urban and semi-urban regions. Policy recommendations include the institutionalisation of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management, stricter floodplain zoning, and community-based resilience building. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how climate change influences flood hazards and provides actionable insights to inform future urban planning and disaster risk reduction strategies in Northern India.