Agricultural growth is the primary emphasis of Indian planning and policy. Pesticides have evolved into an essential tool for enhancing food production by acting as a plant protection agent. Pesticides also assist in preventing several deadly illnesses. Pesticide exposure, both occupational and environmental, causes a variety of human health issues. Chemical treatment remains the most frequent method for managing insect populations. They have an essential function in agriculture as plant protection agents, which assist in preventing crop losses. Pests cause tremendous costs in undeveloped nations due to their heavy load. Pesticides are a valuable ingredient that significantly boosts agricultural profitability. Pesticides improve productivity but pose a danger to food quality, the environment, and human health. Pesticides can harm the ecosystem, groundwater, and other bodies of water when they are applied. To mitigate the effects of toxic pesticides, additional measures such as bio-pesticides, botanicals, genetically modified crops, and other cultural practices should be used.