Agricultural research and extension are critical for achieving food security and moving the rural poor out of poverty. Several studies have found that spending and investing in agricultural research and development (R&D), including extension services, is more beneficial than other forms of investment in decreasing poverty. This article will look at agricultural extension programs in India's public, private, and third sectors, focusing on their capacity to address farmers' information needs. India has one of the most extensive agricultural research systems in the world. Currently, the ICAR leads India's public research system, which includes 5 multidisciplinary national institutes, 45 central research institutes, 30 national research centers (NRCs), 4 bureaux, 10 project directorates, 80 all-India coordinated research projects (AICRPs)/networks, and 16 other projects/programs. There are also 29 state agricultural universities (SAUs) and one Central Agricultural University, which operate through 313 research stations. AICRPs serve as the primary link between the ICAR and the SAUs. The AICRPs encompass over 1,300 centers, with approximately 900 situated in agricultural universities and 200 in ICAR institutes. There are additionally Zonal Research Stations (ZRSs) and 200 sub-stations at the ICAR. Another ICAR organization that undertakes agricultural research and teaching is the National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM). As novel institutional models for the assessment, refining, and transmission of contemporary agricultural technologies, the ICAR has also built 8 Trainers' Training Centres (TTCs) and 611 Krishi Vigyan Kendras at the district level.