Retinal microcirculation serves as a reflective proxy for systemic vascular health, offering a non-invasive window into the effects of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. This study investigates the impact of these conditions on retinal vascular architecture, focusing on arteriolar narrowing, venular dilation, and vascular tortuosity. Employing advanced imaging techniques, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), this cross-sectional analysis aims to establish correlations between systemic health parameters and retinal vascular changes. The findings underscore the utility of retinal imaging as a diagnostic tool for early detection and management of systemic vascular dysfunction.