There is a great deal of curiosity about the physicochemical characteristics of tiny particles made of magnetic oxide in the chemical industry and in research into their potential applications in electronics, biomedicine, and environmental remediation, among many other areas. Magnetic oxide nanoparticles and chemical methods are used in this study to produce iron oxide (Fe₽O₄ and -Fe₂O₼), with a focus on sol-gel synthesis and co-precipitation. The primary objective is to design chemically stable nanoparticles with controllable size, shape, style, and magnetic properties. Mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of the produced nanoparticles are studied by employing imaging techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), among others. These include the nanoparticles' size, shape, surface charge, crystallinity, and magnetic behaviour. Additionally, the study delves into the process of surface functionalization and the ways in which response variable elements influence the degree of behaviour of the final nanoparticle.

The size and magnetic characteristics of the synthesized magnetic oxide nanoparticles may be adjusted by changing the synthesis conditions, and they display superparamagnetic behaviour. Thanks to their versatility, they may be used for a wide range of tasks, such as medication delivery, MRI scanning, and chemical processes. This study contributes to our understanding of how different synthesis methods affect the magnetic and chemical characteristics of nanoparticles, which may be used to better customize these materials for various technical and commercial uses.