The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis, testing the resilience of nations around the world. The origins of SARS-CoV-2 have been a subject of intense scrutiny and investigation. In response to the pandemic, countries worldwide implemented various measures, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing, and mask mandates, to curb the spread of the virus. The pandemic caused massive disruptions to economies, leading to widespread job losses, business closures, and financial hardships for millions.