Lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, chromium, and most agricultural soils on the planet are polluted with these and other heavy metals. Any living thing, from bacteria to humans, may die from exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals. The effects of heavy metals on vegetation would be the subject of this section. When exposed to accessible heavy metals in high concentrations, plant cells release reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Damage to cells and oxidative stress result from unchecked oxidation, which starts a chain reaction involving biomolecules found in cells, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Heavy metal exposure causes altered metabolism, stunted development, decreased biomass output, and decreased yield in plants that are susceptible to these pollutants. Tolerance plants have evolved a plethora of responses to heavy metal exposure that help them evade their poisonous effects. Tolerance to heavy metals may be achieved in two main ways: either by converting the metals into harmless forms via detoxification or by sequestering them in a cellular compartment such as the vacuole or the apoplast. In this chapter, we will review the history, function, and effects of heavy metals on plants. Then, we will go over the ways plants fight back against heavy metal stress, and lastly, we will talk about remediation approaches that may be used to get rid of heavy metal contamination.