Essential oils derived from indigenous medicinal plants have long been recognized for their therapeutic properties in traditional medicine systems. This study aimed to scientifically validate the Pharmacognostic characteristics and therapeutic potential of essential oils extracted from Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa, and Cymbopogon citratus. The research employed a mixed-method design involving plant collection, pharmacognostic evaluation, oil extraction, GC-MS profiling, and bioactivity assays. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses confirmed the botanical authenticity of the samples, while physicochemical assessments revealed high oil yield and favorable parameters for pharmaceutical applications. GC-MS analysis identified major bioactive constituents such as eugenol, ar-turmerone, and citral. Antimicrobial testing against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa demonstrated strong inhibitory effects, particularly from Cymbopogon citratus. Antioxidant assays confirmed the free radical scavenging abilities of all three oils. These findings substantiate the traditional uses of these plants and highlight their potential in modern phytopharmaceutical development, especially as natural alternatives in antimicrobial and antioxidant therapies.