A spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium called Helicobacter pylori chronically infects almost half of the world's population (Hooi et al., 2017). It greatly increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer (Amieva & El-Omar, 2008; Suerbaum & Michetti, 2002), and it adds to chronic gastritis. Clinical and nutritional viewpoints on H. pylori are integrated in this review, starting with its microbiology and virulence characteristics, which allow it to survive in the acidic stomach environment and cause inflammation. These include urease activity and CagA/VacA toxins (Ansari & Yamaoka, 2019; Cover & Blaser, 2009). The difficulties presented by increasing antibiotic resistance (Savoldi et al., 2018; Yu et al., 2024) are discussed, as well as standard treatment plans and diagnostic techniques such as endoscopic biopsies (Chey et al., 2017; Moyer & Edelstein, 2019), stool antigen testing, and urea breath tests.

Probiotics, plant-based substances, and diets high in antioxidants (Yang et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2024) are among the nutritional elements that being investigated for their potential to improve eradication rates and modify infection outcomes. Additionally included are new treatment approaches like phage therapy and vaccinations (Liu et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2023). This study highlights a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates dietary, pharmaceutical, and new approaches to improve stomach health and H. pylori therapy.