The interrelationship between green chemistry and sustainable development extends far beyond conventional environmental protection. It is deeply embedded in the broader framework of universal human rights - encompassing the rights to health, life, dignity, and a clean environment. This paper examines how the principles of green chemistry serve as practical instruments for safeguarding these rights. Through an interdisciplinary analysis that bridges chemistry, environmental law, and human rights theory, the paper argues that chemical innovation guided by sustainability is not merely a scientific ambition but a moral and legal imperative. Drawing upon the twelve principles of green chemistry, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and international human rights instruments, this study demonstrates that the design, production, and disposal of chemicals must be governed by a rights-based framework. The paper concludes that green chemistry is a cornerstone in constructing a future where industrial progress and human dignity coexist.